Effectivity of Normal Concrete and Clamshell as Materials of Artificial Pyramid Reef at Pasir Putih Beach, Situbondo - Indonesia

The bivalve anadara grandis is one of the most abundant shells which are easy to find in Indonesian waters. number clams consumed directly proportional amount clamshell waste, part only disposed into waste. Coral reef has a very important purpose supporting activities coastal areas. Artificial structure that aim restore biological coral have been damaged. This study aims compare effectiveness use normal concrete (made from sand, cement dan splits only) than mixture as materials artificial reef. A field research was conducted Pasir Putih, Situbondo, with visual descriptive method (transect quadrant 25 x 25cm) and underwater camera an aid facilitate observation. During 4-month observation drowning, nine types biotas were found attaching, dominant biota attached these bivalves, barnacles, bryozoan. Results show total density calcareous on concretes higher those standard concretes. So, it could be concluded reefs made clamshells resulted attachment slightly benefits both can form ecosystem well. In particular, better because its more effective for algae cheaper low budget due material availability presently damage wastes area.